Police were called to the Pennygillam off slip on Sunday morning following a collision involving two highways maintenance vehicles and a Heavy Goods Vehicle.
A man in his 50s, from one of the highway maintenance vehicles, sustained life-threatening injuries and was taken to hospital but died later that evening.
Another occupant of the highway maintenance vehicles sustained non-life-threatening injuries and was also taken to hospital.
The HGV driver, a 51-year-old man was arrested on suspicion of causing serious injury by dangerous driving. He has been released on police bail pending further enquiries.
Devon and Cornwall Police said the A30 was closed for a number of hours while an investigation and recovery work took place at the scene.